Paper

Epidemiology of Mucosal Human Papillomavirus Infection and Associated Diseases
Helen Trottier^{a, b}, Ann N. Burchell<sup>a

a</sup>Departments of Oncology and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McGill University, and
^bDepartment of Social and Preventive Medecine, University of Montréal, Ste-Justine Hospital, Montreal, Que., Canada

Address of Corresponding Author

Public Health Genomics 2009;12:291-307 (DOI: 10.1159/000214920)

  Key Words

• Cancer
• Epidemiology
• Human papillomavirus (HPV)
• HPV-associated diseases

  Abstract

This article describes the epidemiology of mucosal human papillomavirs (HPV) in adults and children, its mode of transmission and its associated diseases. Over 40 genotypes of HPV infect the epithelial lining of the anogenital tract and other mucosal areas of the body. HPV is the most common sexually transmitted infection globally, with high prevalences found in both females and males. The predominant route of transmission is via sexual contact, although mother-to-child transmission is also possible. HPV infection may exist asymptomatically or may induce the formation of benign or malignant tumours in the genital, oral or conjunctival mucosa. Although most infections clear spontaneously, those that persist result in substantial morbidity and invoke high costs associated with the treatment of clinically relevant lesions. Some 13-18 mucosal HPV types are considered to have high oncogenic potential. HPV is recognized unequivocally as the main causal factor for cervical cancer, and is further responsible for a substantial proportion of many other anogenital neoplasms and head and neck cancers. Infections with HPV types that have low oncogenic risk, such as HPV-6 and 11, are associated with benign lesions of the anogenital areas known as condylomata acuminata (genital warts), oral papillomas, conjunctival papillomas, as well as low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions of the cervix. Perinatally acquired HPV can also cause recurrent respiratory papillomatosis in infants and young children. The implementation of HPV vaccination therefore has the potential to prevent a substantial proportion of HPV-related disease in the future.

Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel

  Author Contacts

Helen Trottier, Research Center CHU-Ste-Justine/University of Montreal
Department of Social and Preventive Medicine
3175 Côte Ste-Catherine, Room 1562, Montreal, Que., H3T 1C5 (Canada)
Tel. +1 514 345 4931 ext. 7152, Fax +1 514 345 4801
E-Mail helen.trottier@umontreal.ca

  Article Information

Published online: August 11, 2009
Number of Print Pages : 17
Number of Figures : 3, Number of Tables : 3, Number of References : 227