Original Report: Laboratory Investigation

Combination of Captopril and Allopurinol Retards Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome
Carlos A. Roncal^{a, b}, Sirirat Reungjui^{b, c}, Laura Gabriela Sánchez-Lozada^{a, b, d}, Wei Mu^b, Yuri Y. Sautin^b, Takahiko Nakagawa^{a, b}, Richard J. Johnson<sup>a, b

a</sup>Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado, Denver, Colo., and
^bDivision of Nephrology, Hypertension and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Fla., USA;
^cDivision of Nephrology, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand;
^dDepartment of Nephrology INC Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City, Mexico

Address of Corresponding Author

Am J Nephrol 2009;30:399-404 (DOI: 10.1159/000235731)

  Key Words

• Uric acid
• High fructose diet
• Insulin resistance
• Hypertension

  Abstract

Background: Both ACE inhibitors and allopurinol have been shown to partially prevent metabolic syndrome induced by fructose. We tested the hypothesis that combined therapy might be more effective at blocking the metabolic syndrome induced with fructose. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high fructose diet with or without allopurinol, captopril, or the combination for 20 weeks. A control group received a normal diet. All groups were pair-fed to assure equivalent caloric intake. Results: Despite reduced energy intake, the fructose-fed rats developed features of metabolic syndrome including elevated blood pressure, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia and hyperinsulinemia. While both allopurinol and captopril alone tended to reduce features of the metabolic syndrome, the combined therapy was synergistic, with significant reduction in blood pressure, less accumulation of abdominal fat, an improvement in the dyslipidemia and a complete prevention of insulin resistance. Conclusion: A high fructose diet can induce metabolic syndrome even in the setting of caloric restriction. Captopril and allopurinol synergistically reduce features of the metabolic syndrome, especially hypertension, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia. Combination allopurinol and ACE inhibitor therapy might provide a superior means to prevent diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Copyright © 2009 S. Karger AG, Basel

  Author Contacts

Dr. Richard J. Johnson
Division of Renal Diseases and Hypertension, University of Colorado
Box C281, 12700 East 19th Avenue, Research 2, Room 7015
Aurora, CO 80045 (USA)
Tel. +1 303 724 4865, Fax +1 303 724 4831, E-Mail richard.johnson@ucdenver.edu

  Article Information

C.A. Roncal and S. Reungjui contributed equally to this paper.

Received: June 8, 2009
Accepted: July 16, 2009
Published online: August 21, 2009
Number of Print Pages : 6
Number of Figures : 2, Number of Tables : 1, Number of References : 46