Paper

Stress and Wound Healing
Lisa M. Christian^{a, b, d}, Jennifer E. Graham^f, David A. Padgett^{a, b, d, e}, Ronald Glaser^{a, b, e}, Janice K. Kiecolt-Glaser<sup>b, c, e

a</sup>Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology, and Medical Genetics,
^bInstitute for Behavioral Medicine Research and
^cDepartment of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University College of Medicine,
^dDepartment of Psychology, The Ohio State University and
^eThe Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, Ohio, and
^fDepartment of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pa., USA

Address of Corresponding Author

Neuroimmunomodulation 2006;13:337-346 (DOI: 10.1159/000104862)

  Key Words

• Stress
• Wound healing
• Cytokines
• Glucocorticoids
• Depression
• Anxiety
• Psychoneuroimmunology
• Psychoimmunology
• Neuroimmunology

  Abstract

Over the past decade it has become clear that stress can significantly slow wound healing: stressors ranging in magnitude and duration impair healing in humans and animals. For example, in humans, the chronic stress of caregiving as well as the relatively brief stress of academic examinations impedes healing. Similarly, restraint stress slows healing in mice. The interactive effects of glucocorticoids (e.g. cortisol and corticosterone) and proinflammatory cytokines [e.g. interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-] are primary physiological mechanisms underlying the stress and healing connection. The effects of stress on healing have important implications in the context of surgery and naturally occurring wounds, particularly among at-risk and chronically ill populations. In research with clinical populations, greater attention to measurement of health behaviors is needed to better separate behavioral versus direct physiological effects of stress on healing. Recent evidence suggests that interventions designed to reduce stress and its concomitants (e.g., exercise, social support) can prevent stress-induced impairments in healing. Moreover, specific physiological mechanisms are associated with certain types of interventions. In future research, an increased focus on mechanisms will help to more clearly elucidate pathways linking stress and healing processes.

Copyright © 2006 S. Karger AG, Basel

  Author Contacts

Lisa M. Christian
Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research
Ohio State University College of Medicine, 1581 Dodd Drive
193N McCampbell Hall, Columbus, OH 43210 (USA)
Tel. +1 614 292 0609, Fax +1 614 292 0038, E-Mail christian.109@osu.edu

  Article Information

Published online: August 6, 2007
Number of Print Pages : 10
Number of Figures : 3, Number of Tables : 0, Number of References : 73